Ubuntu 初始化流程

该教程以 ubuntu 22.04 为例，介绍如何初始化一个 ubuntu 系统。

ubuntu-2204

基础配置

更换主机名

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname <new-hostname>

更换用户

# 添加用户
sudo adduser libaoy
sudo usermod -aG sudo libaoy

生成 SSH 密钥

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "libaoyang1997@gmail.com"

将公钥添加到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中

# 本机免密登录
cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

配置 git 用户信息

git config --global user.name "Libao Yang"
git config --global user.email "libaoyang1997@gmail.com"

更换 apt 源

备份原始文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

运行更换命令

阿里云清华源

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

更新索引
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
```

安装常用工具

sudo apt install -y vim curl wget git net-tools tree tmux

Docker 安装

安装基础依赖

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg

添加 Docker 官方密钥与软件源

# 创建密钥目录
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings

# 从阿里云镜像下载密钥
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# 添加阿里云软件源
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
    $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

安装 Docker & Compose

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

免 sudo 运行（可选但强烈建议）

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

验证安装

docker --version
docker compose version

Docker 代理设置

创建并编辑配置文件

sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf

配置

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890/"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890/"
Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1"

重启 Docker 服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Zsh 安装配置

安装基础工具

sudo apt install wget git curl vim -y

# 安装 Zsh
sudo apt install zsh -y

安裝 Oh My Zsh

sh -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

安装 PowerLevel10k 主题

git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/powerlevel10k

安装 zsh-autosuggestions 和 zsh-syntax-highlighting 插件

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

配置 Zsh

vim ~/.zshrc

修改配置项如下：

ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
...
plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)

重启 Zsh

source ~/.zshrc

配置快捷命令到 $ZSH_CUSTOM 目录中，详细请参考 leo-ops/zsh 。

在 ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom} 目录下创建文件

proxy.zshenv.zshalias.zsh

PROXY_HOST="http://127.0.0.1:7890"

proxy() {
    export http_proxy="$PROXY_HOST"
    export https_proxy="$PROXY_HOST"
    export HTTP_PROXY="$PROXY_HOST"
    export HTTPS_PROXY="$PROXY_HOST"
    export ALL_PROXY="$PROXY_HOST"
    export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.*,10.*,*.local"
    export NO_PROXY="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.*,10.*,*.local"
    echo "🟢 Proxy is enabled: $PROXY_HOST 🚀"
}

noproxy() {
    unset http_proxy https_proxy HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY ALL_PROXY no_proxy NO_PROXY
    echo "🔴 Proxy is disabled 🚫"
}

llm-api-env() {
    # Claude code api key
    export ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL=""
    export ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN=""
}

home-server-env() {
    # CUDA 12.8
    export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12.8/bin:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12.8/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

    # Rust
    export PATH=$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH

    # Golang
    export GOPATH=$HOME/tools/go
    export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin

    # Vcpkg
    export VCPKG_ROOT=$HOME/tools/vcpkg
    export PATH=$VCPKG_ROOT:$PATH
}

# Load e based on hostname
case $(hostname) in
    "home-server")
        llm-api-env
        home-server-env
        ;;
    "tencent-server")
        ;;
esac

k8s-alias() {
    alias k='kubectl'
    alias kgp='kubectl get pods'
}

home-server-alias() {
    alias lr='cd ${HOME}/learnhub/learning_ray'
    # ...
}

common-alias() {
    alias ops='cd ${HOME}/leo-ops'
    alias note='cd ${HOME}/learnhub/Leo_Note'
}

# Load aliases based on hostname
case $(hostname) in
    "home-server")
        k8s-alias
        home-server-alias
        common-alias
        ;;
    "tencent-server")
        common-alias
        ;;
esac